Basilica Cistern

Historical Background

• Construction: Built in the 6th century (around 532 AD) during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I.
• Purpose: It was designed to store and supply water for the Great Palace of Constantinople and other buildings in the area. The cistern was part of a complex water system that included aqueducts, such as the Valens Aqueduct, to transport water from sources outside the city.
• Rediscovery: After the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453, the cistern was largely forgotten. It was rediscovered in the 16th century when scholars noticed locals drawing water from wells in their basements.

Architectural Features

• Size: The cistern is approximately 138 meters (453 feet) long and 65 meters (213 feet) wide, covering an area of about 9,800 square meters (105,000 square feet).
• Capacity: It could hold up to 80,000 cubic meters (2.8 million cubic feet) of water.
• Columns: The cistern is supported by 336 marble columns, each about 9 meters (30 feet) tall, arranged in 12 rows of 28 columns. The columns were likely repurposed from older Roman structures, showcasing a mix of Ionic, Corinthian, and Doric styles.
• Ceiling: The columns are connected by arches and brick vaults, creating a cathedral-like atmosphere.

Highlights of the Cistern

1. Medusa Heads:
   • Two columns in the northwest corner of the cistern are supported by Medusa heads, one placed sideways and the other upside down. The origin of these heads is unknown, but they are believed to have been taken from an earlier Roman building and reused as column bases.
   • The upside-down and sideways placement may have been a practical decision or a way to negate the power of Medusa’s gaze, as she was a mythological figure who could turn people to stone.
2. Hen’s Eye Column:
   • One of the columns features a design known as the “Hen’s Eye” or “Tear Column,” with tear-shaped carvings. Legend says the tears are a tribute to the hundreds of slaves who died during the cistern’s construction.
3. Atmosphere:
   • The cistern has a mystical and serene ambiance, with dim lighting, reflective pools of water, and the sound of dripping water. Wooden walkways allow visitors to explore the space while admiring the columns and their reflections.

Cultural Significance

• The Basilica Cistern has inspired numerous works of art, literature, and film. For example:
  • It was featured in the James Bond movie From Russia with Love (1963).
  • It appeared in Dan Brown’s novel Inferno and its film adaptation.
  • It has been used as a setting for concerts and cultural events due to its unique acoustics and atmosphere.

Visiting the Basilica Cistern

• Location: Alemdar Mahallesi, Yerebatan Caddesi 1/3, 34110 Fatih/İstanbul, Turkey.
• Hours: Typically open daily from 9:00 AM to 6:30 PM (hours may vary by season).
• Tickets: There is an entrance fee, and it’s recommended to check for updated prices and possible discounts.
• Tips:
  • Visit early in the day or during off-peak hours to avoid crowds.
  • Combine your visit with nearby attractions like the Hagia Sophia, Blue Mosque, and Topkapi Palace.
  • Wear comfortable shoes, as the walkways can be slippery.

Fun Facts

• The cistern is often referred to as the “Sunken Palace” because of its grand scale and architectural beauty.
• Fish still swim in the cistern’s waters, adding to its unique charm.
• The cistern was restored in the 1980s and opened to the public as a museum.

The Basilica Cistern is a must-visit for anyone interested in history, architecture, or the hidden wonders of Istanbul. Its combination of historical significance, architectural beauty, and mysterious atmosphere makes it a truly unforgettable experience.